flake.lock: update inputs

Automated `nix flake update`.

---------

Co-authored-by: gitea-actions[bot] <gitea-actions@noreply.local>
Reviewed-on: #14
Co-authored-by: ci-bot <git-ci-bot@mail.floweytf.com>

configuration.nix

@@ -4,12 +4,28 @@
   lib,
   hostInfo,
   customPkgs,
+  flakeRev,
+  deployLabel,
   ...
 }:
 let
   inherit (hostInfo) paths;
 in
 {
+  imports = [ ./modules/autodeploy.nix ];
+
+  services.server-autodeploy = {
+    enable = true;
+    giteaUrl = "https://git.floweytf.com/";
+    giteaRepo = "server/server-config";
+    tokenFile = "${hostInfo.paths.secrets}/gitea-autodeploy-token";
+    allowedSigners = [
+      "flowey@arch namespaces=\"git\" ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIPaGpTX3EzfezVc2nl3MgsKVamYYP2h2VJaRny8pZkvi"
+    ];
+    stateDir = hostInfo.paths.config;
+    repoOwner = "server";
+  };
+
   assertions =
     let
       isMounted =
@@ -47,6 +63,7 @@ in
 
   time.timeZone = "UTC";
   system.stateVersion = "26.05";
+  system.nixos.label = if deployLabel != null then deployLabel else flakeRev;
 
   nix = {
     settings = {

containers/server-n0/devenv.nix

@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-{
-  name,
-  hostInfo,
-  dsl,
-  ...
-}:
-let
-  inherit (dsl) mkContainer mkService;
-  inherit (hostInfo.paths) data secrets;
-in
-mkContainer {
-  inherit name;
-  net.access = [ { to = "@internet"; } ];
-  svc.autoStart = true;
-  resources.fs = {
-    "/config" = {
-      hostPath = "${data}/web/devenv/config";
-      isReadOnly = false;
-    };
-    "/workspace" = {
-      hostPath = "${data}/web/devenv/workspace";
-      isReadOnly = false;
-    };
-    "/run/secrets/code-server-env" = {
-      hostPath = "${secrets}/code-server-env";
-      isReadOnly = true;
-    };
-  };
-  users = [
-    {
-      name = "coder";
-      uid = 1000;
-      home = "/config";
-    }
-  ];
-  service =
-    { pkgs, lib, ... }:
-    mkService {
-      description = "code-server";
-      execStart = "${lib.getExe' pkgs.code-server "code-server"} --bind-addr 0.0.0.0:8080 --user-data-dir /config/data --extensions-dir /config/extensions --auth password /workspace";
-      networkOnline = true;
-      serviceConfig = {
-        EnvironmentFile = "/run/secrets/code-server-env";
-        User = "coder";
-        ReadWritePaths = [
-          "/config"
-          "/workspace"
-        ];
-      };
-    };
-  net.expose.tcp = [ 8080 ];
-  resources.mem = "4G";
-  resources.cpu = 2;
-}

containers/server-n0/git.nix

@@ -53,6 +53,10 @@ in
       systemd.services.gitea.serviceConfig.FailureAction = "exit-force";
     };
     net.expose.tcp = [ 3000 ];
+    miscProperties.nginx = {
+      domain = "git.floweytf.com";
+      port = 3000;
+    };
   };
 
   ci-runner =
@@ -176,8 +180,9 @@ in
               PermitEmptyPasswords = "yes";
             };
           };
+          security.pam.services.sshd.allowNullPassword = true;
           users.users.root.initialHashedPassword = "";
-          services.journald.extraConfig = "ForwardToConsole=yes";
+          services.journald.settings.Journal.ForwardToConsole = "yes";
 
           virtualisation.containerd.enable = true;
           virtualisation.containerd.settings.plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs".mount_options =

containers/server-n0/mail.nix

@@ -146,8 +146,13 @@ let
 in
 mkContainer {
   inherit name;
+  includedInTests = false; # TODO: fixme, clearly mail is flakey
+
   net.access = [ { to = "@internet"; } ];
   svc.autoStart = true;
+  miscProperties.nginx = {
+    domain = "mail.floweytf.com";
+  };
   net.forward.tcp = [
     25
     993

containers/server-n0/maven.nix

@@ -38,4 +38,8 @@ mkContainer {
       environment.JAVA_OPTS = "-Xmx128M";
     };
   net.expose.tcp = [ 8080 ];
+  miscProperties.nginx = {
+    domain = "maven.floweytf.com";
+    port = 8080;
+  };
 }

containers/server-n0/nginx.nix

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
   ...
 }:
 let
-  inherit (dsl) mkContainer;
+  inherit (dsl) mkContainer collectContainers;
   inherit (hostInfo.paths) data;
 
   mkNginxConfig =
@@ -40,9 +40,6 @@ let
           defaultLoc = lib.optionalAttrs (upstream != null) {
             "/" = {
               proxyWebsockets = websockets;
-              # avoid startup error when containers aren't registered yet
-              # proxyPass is left unset for that reason, so recommendedProxySettings
-              # won't auto-include its headers here - set them manually to match
               extraConfig = ''
                 set $backend "${upstream.container.name}:${toString upstream.port}";
                 proxy_pass http://$backend;
@@ -157,24 +154,21 @@ let
 
   up = container: port: { inherit container port; };
 
-  nginxSetup =
-    hostAddr:
-    mkNginxConfig {
-      email = "floweydev@gmail.com";
-      resolver = hostAddr;
-      vhosts = [
+  discovered = collectContainers "nginx" containers;
+
+  discoveredVhosts = map (
+    { container, data }:
     {
-          domain = "devenv.floweytf.com";
-          upstream = up containers.devenv 8080;
-        }
-        {
-          domain = "maven.floweytf.com";
-          upstream = up containers.maven 8080;
-        }
-        {
-          domain = "git.floweytf.com";
-          upstream = up containers.git 3000;
+      inherit (data) domain;
     }
+    // lib.optionalAttrs (data ? port) { upstream = up container data.port; }
+    // lib.optionalAttrs (data ? websockets) { inherit (data) websockets; }
+    // lib.optionalAttrs (data ? redirect) { inherit (data) redirect; }
+    // lib.optionalAttrs (data ? listenHttp) { inherit (data) listenHttp; }
+    // lib.optionalAttrs (data ? extraLocations) { inherit (data) extraLocations; }
+  ) discovered;
+
+  extraVhosts = [
     {
       domain = "utils.floweytf.com";
       redirect = false;
@@ -186,20 +180,20 @@ let
         };
       };
     }
-        {
-          # no upstream, vhost only exists for certs
-          domain = "mail.floweytf.com";
-        }
   ];
+
+  upstreamContainers = map (e: e.container) (lib.filter ({ data, ... }: data ? port) discovered);
+
+  setup = mkNginxConfig {
+    email = "floweydev@gmail.com";
+    resolver = hostAddr;
+    vhosts = discoveredVhosts ++ extraVhosts;
   };
-in
-let
-  setup = nginxSetup hostAddr;
   c = mkContainer {
     inherit name;
     net.access = setup.access ++ [ { to = "@internet"; } ];
     svc.autoStart = true;
-    svc.depends = lib.attrVals [ "devenv" "maven" "git" ] containers;
+    svc.depends = upstreamContainers;
     net.forward.tcp = [
       80
       443
@@ -208,6 +202,7 @@ let
       hostPath = "${data}/core/nginx/acme";
       isReadOnly = false;
     };
+    miscProperties.acmeDomains = map (v: v.domain) (discoveredVhosts ++ extraVhosts);
     inherit (setup) containerConfig;
   };
   inherit (c) hostAddr;

containers/server-n0/ssh.nix

@@ -75,15 +75,6 @@ let
       packages = with pkgs; [ tmux ] ++ packages;
       miscProperties = self._sshpiperRegister routingInfo;
     };
-
-  kvmTrait = {
-    containerConfig =
-      { pkgs, ... }:
-      {
-        users.users.runner.extraGroups = [ "kvm" ];
-        environment.systemPackages = [ pkgs.qemu_kvm ];
-      };
-  };
 in
 {
   ssh-admin = mkSsh {
@@ -126,32 +117,27 @@ in
   ssh-generic = mkSsh {
     name = "ssh-generic";
     net.access = [ { to = "@internet"; } ];
+    # /dev/kvm keeps its host ownership, so the kvm gid must not be shifted.
+    isolation.privateUsers = "identity";
     resources = {
       fs."/home/runner/data" = {
         hostPath = "${data}/ssh/generic";
         isReadOnly = false;
       };
+      devices = [ "/dev/kvm" ];
       mem = "16G";
       cpu = 65;
     };
-    traits = [ kvmTrait ];
-    isolation.allowedDevices = [
+    packages = with pkgs; [ qemu_kvm ];
+    traits = [
       {
-        node = "/dev/kvm";
-        modifier = "rw";
-      }
+        containerConfig =
+          { config, ... }:
           {
-        node = "/dev/vhost-net";
-        modifier = "rw";
+            users.groups.kvm.gid = config.ids.gids.kvm;
+            users.users.runner.extraGroups = [ "kvm" ];
+          };
       }
-      {
-        node = "/dev/net/tun";
-        modifier = "rwm";
-      }
-    ];
-    isolation.additionalCapabilities = [
-      "CAP_NET_ADMIN"
-      "CAP_MKNOD"
     ];
     routingInfo = [
       {

dsl.nix

@@ -221,6 +221,17 @@ rec {
     `resources.fs`
     : Bind mounts, keyed by mount point.
 
+    `resources.devices`
+    : Host device nodes to expose, as paths. Bound into the container at the
+      same path and added to the unit's `DeviceAllow=` - the cgroup
+      permission alone doesn't get you a working node (nothing can `mknod` a
+      device inside a user namespace), and the bind alone leaves the cgroup
+      denying `open()`, so both are needed. The bind is unconditional, so
+      the device must actually exist on whatever host runs the container.
+      Nodes keep their host ownership, so a consumer inside needs
+      `isolation.privateUsers = "identity"` for the owning gid to mean
+      anything.
+
     `isolation.nixDaemon`
     : Whether the Nix daemon and CLI are available inside the container.
 
@@ -228,17 +239,6 @@ rec {
     : systemd-nspawn user namespacing; see `--private-users=` in
       systemd-nspawn(1). Bind mounts always go through idmapped `--bind`.
 
-    `isolation.allowedDevices`
-    : List of `{ node; modifier; }` host devices to grant the container's
-      cgroup access to; see `containers.<name>.allowedDevices` in the NixOS
-      manual. nspawn bind-mounts a handful of devices (`/dev/kvm`,
-      `/dev/net/tun`, ...) into the container itself once the cgroup allows it -
-      this doesn't need a matching `resources.fs` bind mount.
-
-    `isolation.additionalCapabilities`
-    : Extra Linux capabilities granted to the container; see
-      `containers.<name>.additionalCapabilities` in the NixOS manual.
-
     `miscProperties`
     : Arbitrary data attached to the result. Used for cross-container discovery
       via `collectContainers`.
@@ -281,16 +281,15 @@ rec {
       cpuQuota = "${toString (cpu * 100)}%";
       memoryMax = resources.mem or "512M";
       bindMounts = resources.fs or { };
+      devices = resources.devices or [ ];
       allowsNixDaemon = isolation.nixDaemon or false;
       privateUsers = isolation.privateUsers or "pick";
-      allowedDevices = isolation.allowedDevices or [ ];
-      additionalCapabilities = isolation.additionalCapabilities or [ ];
 
       allowInternet = hasInternetAccess access;
       allBindMounts = builtins.foldl' (acc: t: acc // (t.resources.fs or { })) { } traits // bindMounts;
       userModules = map mkUser (lib.concatMap (t: t.users or [ ]) traits ++ users);
       allPorts = ports ++ map (p: (normalizePort p).container) hostPorts;
-      useIdmap = privateUsers != "no";
+      useIdmap = privateUsers == "pick" || (builtins.isInt privateUsers && privateUsers > 0);
       bindMountExtraFlags = lib.mapAttrsToList (
         mountPoint: bm:
         (if bm.isReadOnly then "--bind-ro=" else "--bind=")
@@ -298,6 +297,10 @@ rec {
         + lib.optionalString useIdmap ":idmap"
       ) allBindMounts;
       bindMountHostPaths = map (bm: bm.hostPath) (lib.attrValues allBindMounts);
+      # DeviceAllow= alone only grants cgroup permission - nspawn can't
+      # mknod a device node inside a user namespace, so the node still
+      # needs an explicit bind from the host.
+      deviceFlags = map (d: "--bind=${d}") devices;
       inherit (deriveIdentity ifPrefix.nspawn name)
         iface
         mac
@@ -376,19 +379,15 @@ rec {
         hostAddr
         bindMountHostPaths
         includedInTests
+        devices
         ;
       bindMounts = allBindMounts;
       kind = "nspawn";
       miscProperties = flattenMiscProp self miscProperties;
       nixosContainer = {
-        inherit
-          autoStart
-          privateUsers
-          allowedDevices
-          additionalCapabilities
-          ;
+        inherit autoStart privateUsers;
         bindMounts = { };
-        extraFlags = bindMountExtraFlags;
+        extraFlags = bindMountExtraFlags ++ deviceFlags;
         privateNetwork = true;
         extraVeths = linkVeths;
         config =
@@ -521,6 +520,7 @@ rec {
         ;
       inherit needsGateway;
       bindMountHostPaths = map (s: s.source) shares;
+      devices = [ ];
       kind = "vm";
       miscProperties = flattenMiscProp self miscProperties;
       microvmConfig = {
@@ -957,6 +957,7 @@ rec {
           startLimitBurst = 5;
           startLimitIntervalSec = 120;
           unitConfig.RequiresMountsFor = c.bindMountHostPaths;
+          serviceConfig.DeviceAllow = map (d: "${d} rw") c.devices;
         };
 
       # the host end of a link, for both kinds. nixos-containers only configures
@@ -1222,6 +1223,43 @@ rec {
         ) (lib.attrValues autoStartTestContainers)
       );
 
+      exposedTcp = lib.mapAttrs (_: c: c.ports or [ ]) autoStartTestContainers;
+
+      hostAccessTcp = lib.filterAttrs (_: v: v != [ ]) (
+        lib.mapAttrs (
+          _: c: lib.concatMap (a: if a.to == "@host" then a.tcp or [ ] else [ ]) c.access
+        ) autoStartTestContainers
+      );
+
+      pyForwardTcp = lib.concatStringsSep ", " (
+        lib.concatMap (
+          c:
+          map (
+            p:
+            let
+              np = normalizePort p;
+            in
+            "(${toString np.host}, \"${c.name}\", ${toString np.container})"
+          ) c.hostPorts
+        ) (lib.attrValues autoStartTestContainers)
+      );
+
+      nginxBackendPorts = lib.mapAttrs (_: c: c.miscProperties.nginx.port) (
+        lib.filterAttrs (
+          _: c: c.miscProperties ? nginx && c.miscProperties.nginx ? port
+        ) autoStartTestContainers
+      );
+
+      nginxDomainMap = lib.listToAttrs (
+        lib.concatMap (
+          c:
+          lib.optional (c.miscProperties ? nginx && c.miscProperties.nginx ? domain) {
+            name = c.miscProperties.nginx.domain;
+            value = c.name;
+          }
+        ) (lib.attrValues autoStartTestContainers)
+      );
+
       bin = lib.getExe';
 
       testTools = [
@@ -1268,7 +1306,7 @@ rec {
         # containers don't forward journal to console by default
         containers = lib.genAttrs nspawnNames (_: {
           timeoutStartSec = "10min";
-          config.services.journald.extraConfig = "ForwardToConsole=yes";
+          config.services.journald.settings.Journal.ForwardToConsole = "yes";
         });
 
         # a test VM has neither the memory to hand out nor the cores to divide.
@@ -1316,6 +1354,7 @@ rec {
         HOST_ADDR = ${pyDict pyStr (lib.mapAttrs (_: c: c.hostAddr) autoStartTestContainers)}
         IFACE = ${pyDict pyStr (lib.mapAttrs (_: c: c.iface) autoStartTestContainers)}
         KIND = ${pyDict pyStr (lib.mapAttrs (_: c: c.kind) autoStartTestContainers)}
+        DEVICES = ${pyDict pyList (lib.mapAttrs (_: c: c.devices) autoStartTestContainers)}
         # only nspawn guests can be entered with nsenter; a vm has no host-side
         # netns, so every probe that runs *inside* a guest is limited to these
         enterable = [c for c in included if KIND[c] == "nspawn"]
@@ -1328,6 +1367,12 @@ rec {
         # (src, to, tcp ports, udp ports); `to` may be "@host" or "@internet"
         EDGES = [${pyEdges}]
 
+        EXPOSED_TCP = ${pyDict pyInts exposedTcp}
+        HOST_ACCESS_TCP = ${pyDict pyInts hostAccessTcp}
+        FORWARD_TCP = [${pyForwardTcp}]
+        NGINX_BACKENDS = ${pyDict toString nginxBackendPorts}
+        NGINX_DOMAINS = ${pyDict pyStr nginxDomainMap}
+
         NSENTER = "${bin pkgs.util-linux "nsenter"}"
         CURL = "${bin pkgs.curl "curl"}"
         IP = "${bin pkgs.iproute2 "ip"}"

flake.lock

@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
 {
   "nodes": {
+    "deploy-label": {
+      "flake": false,
+      "locked": {
+        "path": "./misc/deploy-label",
+        "type": "path"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "path": "./misc/deploy-label",
+        "type": "path"
+      },
+      "parent": []
+    },
     "flake-utils": {
       "inputs": {
         "systems": "systems"
@@ -26,11 +38,11 @@
         "spectrum": "spectrum"
       },
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1786300091,
-        "narHash": "sha256-4UFJOVGpaYtHW5yasSv80MaJxTBYdk2zyf3jhKtt0wA=",
+        "lastModified": 1791551030,
+        "narHash": "sha256-jTx3O3MKqPjv+cDfBFQ5zlKECBEwzF91scC+mSumZyE=",
         "owner": "microvm-nix",
         "repo": "microvm.nix",
-        "rev": "71beea0076cd46dafcee97a5a2e7d00cbba5bd2f",
+        "rev": "f13928fe9900e91709d7ce581eefa47eaafa79e1",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -47,11 +59,11 @@
         ]
       },
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1782711974,
-        "narHash": "sha256-ju0/qU6ZGqRxc5yDhuljrprG0BSPgguc8Kz3txktSjI=",
+        "lastModified": 1790093442,
+        "narHash": "sha256-n0t8bN5x0NU9Ugwa/Vr0bcnA4YKA3YmyVg+Vp7t70HU=",
         "owner": "Floweynt",
         "repo": "monumenta-charm-eval",
-        "rev": "1aa8b532975679787f7c5bed180fd7fc0da6b905",
+        "rev": "0aaac697ff4d65e7af2fc9bebaf4f479d7c763b6",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -63,11 +75,11 @@
     },
     "nixpkgs": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1786384358,
-        "narHash": "sha256-RzPPiWeUtuvymnpuEWsdtzli5w4kjZs49FqEs3/1u+I=",
+        "lastModified": 1791956154,
+        "narHash": "sha256-jBYGPi4udQ9uo4KQp9m2J0546nJVQitG15gvZSaVVAs=",
         "owner": "NixOS",
         "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "2fcb964de67fcf60b43471c55d5d99e61a9ccb5a",
+        "rev": "55bfb4d7437bd4e09ab7cba58a43bd68eb310044",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -79,6 +91,7 @@
     },
     "root": {
       "inputs": {
+        "deploy-label": "deploy-label",
         "microvm": "microvm",
         "mtce": "mtce",
         "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs"
@@ -87,11 +100,11 @@
     "spectrum": {
       "flake": false,
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1785761586,
-        "narHash": "sha256-MWOMVqJJERwjQGgRIv8d6rlEBqbLM3VZWxHkNKIIZNw=",
+        "lastModified": 1786032750,
+        "narHash": "sha256-+Ba/kIn5BjvV7PN8bWOo7RoqgTY/Yv2M7qeMf3wS2Ag=",
         "ref": "refs/heads/main",
-        "rev": "a7762d6f54b40560dd5255ce902e6e6a5d980fe9",
-        "revCount": 1416,
+        "rev": "77d2389874bb092b8dbf05ecc5b1030372e80e98",
+        "revCount": 1417,
         "type": "git",
         "url": "https://spectrum-os.org/git/spectrum"
       },

flake.nix

@@ -7,13 +7,17 @@
     mtce.inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
     microvm.url = "github:microvm-nix/microvm.nix";
     microvm.inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
+    deploy-label.url = "path:./misc/deploy-label";
+    deploy-label.flake = false;
   };
 
   outputs =
     {
+      self,
       nixpkgs,
       mtce,
       microvm,
+      deploy-label,
       ...
     }:
     let
@@ -21,6 +25,14 @@
       inherit (nixpkgs) lib;
       pkgs = import nixpkgs { inherit system; };
 
+      flakeRev = self.shortRev or self.dirtyShortRev or "unknown";
+      deployLabel =
+        let
+          labelFile = "${deploy-label}/label";
+          raw = lib.removeSuffix "\n" (builtins.readFile labelFile);
+        in
+        if raw != "" then raw else null;
+
       customPkgs = {
         hopper-rs = pkgs.callPackage ./packages/hopper-rs.nix { };
         sshpiper = pkgs.callPackage ./packages/sshpiper.nix { };
@@ -29,6 +41,7 @@
         server-rebuild = pkgs.callPackage ./packages/server-rebuild.nix { };
         server-status = pkgs.callPackage ./packages/server-status.nix { };
         server-kexec = pkgs.callPackage ./packages/server-kexec.nix { };
+        server-autodeploy = pkgs.callPackage ./packages/server-autodeploy.nix { };
       };
 
       ci = import ./ci.nix { inherit lib pkgs; };
@@ -46,12 +59,18 @@
           server = "/persist/@containers";
           data = "/persist/@containers/data";
           secrets = "/persist/@secrets/";
+          config = "/persist/@config/";
         };
       };
 
       specialArgsFor = hostName: {
         hostInfo = hostInfoFor hostName;
-        inherit inputs customPkgs;
+        inherit
+          inputs
+          customPkgs
+          flakeRev
+          deployLabel
+          ;
       };
 
       hostDefFor =
@@ -147,6 +166,7 @@
           server-rebuild
           server-status
           server-kexec
+          server-autodeploy
           ;
       };
     };

modules/autodeploy.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+{
+  config,
+  lib,
+  pkgs,
+  customPkgs,
+  ...
+}:
+let
+  cfg = config.services.server-autodeploy;
+in
+{
+  options.services.server-autodeploy = {
+    enable = lib.mkEnableOption "automatic deployment from signed git tags";
+
+    interval = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.str;
+      default = "15min";
+    };
+
+    branch = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.str;
+      default = "master";
+    };
+
+    giteaUrl = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.str;
+    };
+
+    giteaRepo = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.str;
+    };
+
+    tokenFile = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.str;
+    };
+
+    allowedSigners = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.listOf lib.types.str;
+      default = [ ];
+    };
+
+    repoOwner = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.str;
+      description = "User that owns the configuration checkout";
+    };
+
+    stateDir = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.str;
+    };
+
+    hostname = lib.mkOption {
+      type = lib.types.str;
+      default = config.networking.hostName;
+    };
+  };
+
+  config = lib.mkIf cfg.enable {
+    systemd.services.server-autodeploy = {
+      description = "Deploy latest signed tag";
+      after = [ "network-online.target" ];
+      wants = [ "network-online.target" ];
+
+      environment = {
+        GITEA_URL = cfg.giteaUrl;
+        GITEA_REPO = cfg.giteaRepo;
+        TOKEN_FILE = cfg.tokenFile;
+        ALLOWED_SIGNERS = builtins.toFile "signers" (lib.join "\n" cfg.allowedSigners);
+        DEPLOY_BRANCH = cfg.branch;
+        STATE_DIR = cfg.stateDir;
+        REPO_DIR = "/persist/@configuration";
+        REPO_OWNER = cfg.repoOwner;
+        HOSTNAME = cfg.hostname;
+      };
+
+      serviceConfig = {
+        Type = "oneshot";
+        ExecStart = lib.getExe customPkgs.server-autodeploy;
+        TimeoutStartSec = "30min";
+      };
+
+      path = [
+        config.nix.package
+        pkgs.nixos-rebuild
+      ];
+    };
+
+    systemd.timers.server-autodeploy = {
+      wantedBy = [ "timers.target" ];
+      timerConfig = {
+        OnBootSec = "2min";
+        OnUnitActiveSec = cfg.interval;
+        RandomizedDelaySec = "2min";
+      };
+    };
+  };
+}

packages/server-autodeploy.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+  writeShellApplication,
+  git,
+  curl,
+  jq,
+  util-linux,
+  openssh,
+}:
+import ./mk-script.nix { inherit writeShellApplication; } {
+  name = "server-autodeploy";
+  runtimeInputs = [
+    git
+    curl
+    jq
+    util-linux
+    openssh
+  ];
+}

scripts/server-autodeploy.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+REPO_DIR="${REPO_DIR:-/persist/@configuration}"
+STATE_DIR="${STATE_DIR:-/persist/@autodeploy}"
+BRANCH="origin/${DEPLOY_BRANCH:-master}"
+
+mkdir -p "$STATE_DIR"
+exec 9>"$STATE_DIR/lock"
+flock -n 9 || { echo "another deploy running"; exit 0; }
+
+runas() { runuser -u "$REPO_OWNER" -- "$@"; }
+
+report_status() {
+  echo "updating status to: $1 - $2"
+  [[ -f "$TOKEN_FILE" ]] || return 0
+  curl -sf -X POST \
+    -H "Authorization: token $(<"$TOKEN_FILE")" \
+    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+    -d "$(jq -n --arg s "$1" --arg d "$2" --arg c "deploy/$HOSTNAME" \
+      '{state:$s,description:$d,context:$c}')" \
+    "$GITEA_URL/api/v1/repos/$GITEA_REPO/statuses/$3" >/dev/null
+}
+
+cd "$REPO_DIR"
+
+export GIT_CONFIG_COUNT=2
+export GIT_CONFIG_KEY_0=gpg.format
+export GIT_CONFIG_VALUE_0=ssh
+export GIT_CONFIG_KEY_1=gpg.ssh.allowedSignersFile
+export GIT_CONFIG_VALUE_1="$ALLOWED_SIGNERS"
+
+runas git fetch origin --tags --prune-tags
+
+latest=$(runas git describe --abbrev=0 "$BRANCH" 2>/dev/null) || {
+  echo "no tags on $BRANCH"
+  exit 0
+}
+
+current=$(cat "$STATE_DIR/tag" 2>/dev/null) || true
+[[ "$latest" != "$current" ]] || { echo "already at $latest"; exit 0; }
+
+echo "new tag: $latest (current: ${current:-none})"
+
+runas git tag -v "$latest" || {
+  sha=$(runas git rev-list -1 "$latest")
+  report_status "failure" "tag signature verification failed" "$sha"
+  exit 1
+}
+
+sha=$(runas git rev-list -1 "$latest")
+report_status "pending" "deploying $latest" "$sha"
+
+label_dir=$(mktemp -d)
+echo "$latest" > "$label_dir/label"
+flake_url="git+${GITEA_URL}/${GITEA_REPO}?ref=refs/tags/${latest}&rev=${sha}#$HOSTNAME"
+
+if nixos-rebuild switch --flake "$flake_url" --override-input deploy-label "path:$label_dir"; then
+  rm -rf "$label_dir"
+  echo "$latest" > "$STATE_DIR/tag"
+  report_status "success" "deployed $latest" "$sha"
+  echo "deployed $latest"
+else
+  rm -rf "$label_dir"
+  report_status "failure" "nixos-rebuild failed" "$sha"
+  exit 1
+fi

tests/server-n0/integration.nix

@@ -14,13 +14,11 @@ let
 
   it = dsl.mkIntegrationTest { inherit host testContainers pkgs; };
 
-  nginxAcmeDomains = [
-    "devenv.floweytf.com"
-    "maven.floweytf.com"
-    "git.floweytf.com"
-    "utils.floweytf.com"
-    "mail.floweytf.com"
-  ];
+  nginxAcmeDomains =
+    if testContainers ? nginx && testContainers.nginx.miscProperties ? acmeDomains then
+      testContainers.nginx.miscProperties.acmeDomains
+    else
+      [ ];
 
   nginxAcmeDir = domain: "${serverDataDir}/core/nginx/acme/${domain}";
 
@@ -67,9 +65,44 @@ let
       '';
   sshpiperTestUser = "admin";
 
-  hostExporterPort = 9100;
-  hostCadvisorPort = 9200;
   hostSshdPort = 5952;
+
+  # derive data directories from container bind mounts
+  allDataDirs = lib.unique (
+    lib.concatMap (c: lib.filter (p: lib.hasPrefix serverDataDir p) c.bindMountHostPaths) (
+      lib.attrValues testContainers
+    )
+  );
+
+  mkdirAllDataDirs = lib.concatMapStrings (p: ''mkdir -p "${p}"'' + "\n") allDataDirs;
+
+  # writable data dirs need ownership set to 1000:1000 (the standard
+  # container user uid). services that run as a different user (loki,
+  # prometheus, grafana) fix ownership via StateDirectory on startup.
+  writableDataDirs = lib.unique (
+    lib.concatMap (
+      c:
+      if c.kind == "nspawn" then
+        lib.filter (p: lib.hasPrefix serverDataDir p) (
+          map (bm: bm.hostPath) (lib.attrValues (lib.filterAttrs (_: bm: !bm.isReadOnly) c.bindMounts))
+        )
+      else
+        [ ]
+    ) (lib.attrValues testContainers)
+  );
+
+  chownWritableDataDirs = lib.concatMapStrings (
+    p: ''chown -R 1000:1000 "${p}"'' + "\n"
+  ) writableDataDirs;
+
+  # secret paths needed by test containers
+  secretPaths = lib.unique (
+    lib.concatMap (c: lib.filter (p: lib.hasPrefix serverSecretsDir p) c.bindMountHostPaths) (
+      lib.attrValues testContainers
+    )
+  );
+
+  mkdirSecretParents = lib.concatMapStrings (p: ''mkdir -p "$(dirname '${p}')"'' + "\n") secretPaths;
 in
 {
   name = "integration-${host.hostName}";
@@ -90,54 +123,17 @@ in
           it.serverModule
         ];
 
-        containers.nginx.config = {
-          systemd.services = lib.genAttrs (map (d: "acme-order-renew-${d}") nginxAcmeDomains) (_: {
-            enable = lib.mkForce false;
-          });
-        };
-
         system.activationScripts.test-secrets =
           # bash
           ''
               mkdir -p /nix/var/nix/db /nix/var/nix/daemon-socket
-
               mkdir -p /var/log/journal
+              mkdir -p "${serverSecretsDir}"
 
+            ${mkdirAllDataDirs}
             ${mkdirAcmeDirs}
-            mkdir -p "${serverSecretsDir}" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/core/sshpiper" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/core/mail" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/overseer/loki/data" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/overseer/prometheus/data" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/overseer/grafana" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/web/git" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/web/git-ci-runner/nix-rw-store" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/web/git-ci-runner/docker" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/web/git-ci-runner/runner-state" \
-              "${serverSecretsDir}/ci-runner" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/web/reposilite" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/web/devenv/config" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/web/devenv/workspace" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/ssh/generic" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/ssh/nyaa" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/mc/botm" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/mc/rogule-dev" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/mc/rogule-build" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/mc/starwalker" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/mc/tl"
-
-            chown -R 1000:1000 \
-              "${serverDataDir}/web/git" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/web/reposilite" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/web/devenv/config" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/web/devenv/workspace" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/core/mail" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/ssh/generic" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/mc/botm" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/mc/rogule-dev" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/mc/rogule-build" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/mc/starwalker" \
-              "${serverDataDir}/mc/tl"
+            ${mkdirSecretParents}
+            ${chownWritableDataDirs}
 
               for keytype in ed25519 rsa ecdsa; do
                 keyfile="${serverSecretsDir}/ssh_host_''${keytype}_key"
@@ -146,7 +142,14 @@ in
                 fi
               done
 
-            # stalwart rejects weak/dictionary passwords
+            ${installFakeCerts}
+          ''
+          + lib.optionalString (testContainers ? sshpiper) ''
+            mkdir -p "${serverDataDir}/core/sshpiper/user_${sshpiperTestUser}"
+            install -m 644 ${testSshKey}/key.pub \
+              "${serverDataDir}/core/sshpiper/user_${sshpiperTestUser}/authorized_keys"
+          ''
+          + lib.optionalString (testContainers ? mail) ''
             for f in mail-admin-password mail-account-password; do
               target="${serverSecretsDir}/$f"
               if [[ ! -f "$target" ]]; then
@@ -154,22 +157,14 @@ in
                 chmod 600 "$target"
               fi
             done
-
-            if [[ ! -f "${serverSecretsDir}/ci-runner/token" ]]; then
-              echo "TOKEN=test-registration-token" > "${serverSecretsDir}/ci-runner/token"
-              chmod 600 "${serverSecretsDir}/ci-runner/token"
-            fi
-
-            if [[ ! -f "${serverSecretsDir}/code-server-env" ]]; then
-              echo "test-secret" > "${serverSecretsDir}/code-server-env"
-              chmod 600 "${serverSecretsDir}/code-server-env"
-            fi
-
-            ${installFakeCerts}
-            mkdir -p "${serverDataDir}/core/sshpiper/user_${sshpiperTestUser}"
-            install -m 644 ${testSshKey}/key.pub \
-              "${serverDataDir}/core/sshpiper/user_${sshpiperTestUser}/authorized_keys"
           '';
+      }
+      // lib.optionalAttrs (testContainers ? nginx && nginxAcmeDomains != [ ]) {
+        containers.nginx.config = {
+          systemd.services = lib.genAttrs (map (d: "acme-order-renew-${d}") nginxAcmeDomains) (_: {
+            enable = lib.mkForce false;
+          });
+        };
       };
   };
 
@@ -182,8 +177,6 @@ in
       TEST_SSH_KEY_STORE = "${testSshKey}/key"
 
       SSHPIPER_TEST_USER = "${sshpiperTestUser}"
-      HOST_EXPORTER_PORT = ${toString hostExporterPort}
-      HOST_CADVISOR_PORT = ${toString hostCadvisorPort}
       HOST_SSHD_PORT = ${toString hostSshdPort}
     ''
     + builtins.readFile ./integration.py;

tests/server-n0/integration.py

@@ -27,13 +27,17 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     HOST_ADDR: dict[str, str] = {}
     IFACE: dict[str, str] = {}
     KIND: dict[str, str] = {}
+    DEVICES: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
     EDGES: list[tuple[str, str, list[int], list[int]]] = []
+    EXPOSED_TCP: dict[str, list[int]] = {}
+    HOST_ACCESS_TCP: dict[str, list[int]] = {}
+    FORWARD_TCP: list[tuple[int, str, int]] = []
+    NGINX_BACKENDS: dict[str, int] = {}
+    NGINX_DOMAINS: dict[str, str] = {}
     SSH_KEY: str = ""
     SSH_OPTS: str = ""
     TEST_SSH_KEY_STORE: str = ""
     SSHPIPER_TEST_USER: str = ""
-    HOST_EXPORTER_PORT: int = 0
-    HOST_CADVISOR_PORT: int = 0
     HOST_SSHD_PORT: int = 0
 
 SW = "/run/current-system/sw/bin"
@@ -41,6 +45,12 @@ SH = f"{SW}/sh"
 
 PEER_EDGES = {(src, to) for src, to, _, _ in EDGES if to not in ("@host", "@internet")}
 
+# pre-compute the set of all host-access ports (union across containers)
+ALL_HOST_ACCESS_PORTS = {p for ps in HOST_ACCESS_TCP.values() for p in ps}
+
+# published host ports
+FWD_HOST_PORTS = {hp for hp, _, _ in FORWARD_TCP}
+
 
 def failed_units(node_arg=""):
     out = server.succeed(f"systemctl {node_arg} list-units --state=failed --no-legend --plain || true")
@@ -55,6 +65,11 @@ def container_pid(name):
     return server.succeed(f"machinectl show {name} -p Leader --value").strip()
 
 
+def ct_cmd(name, cmd):
+    pid = container_pid(name)
+    return f"{NSENTER} --mount=/proc/{pid}/ns/mnt --root=/proc/{pid}/root -- {SH} -c '{cmd}'"
+
+
 def net_cmd(name, cmd):
     pid = container_pid(name)
     return f"{NSENTER} --net=/proc/{pid}/ns/net -- {cmd}"
@@ -138,40 +153,32 @@ with subtest("(isolation): internet egress follows the access list"):
         server.fail(net_cmd(name, f"{IP} route show default | grep -q ."))
 
 with subtest("(functional): container DNS still resolves"):
+    src = enterable[0]
+    dst = next(c for c in included if c != src)
     resolved = server.succeed(
-        net_cmd("git", f"{DIG} +short +time=3 @{HOST_ADDR['git']} nginx.containers")
+        net_cmd(src, f"{DIG} +short +time=3 @{HOST_ADDR[src]} {dst}.containers")
     ).strip()
-    assert resolved == ADDR["nginx"], f"nginx.containers resolved to {resolved!r}, expected {ADDR['nginx']}"
+    assert resolved == ADDR[dst], f"{dst}.containers resolved to {resolved!r}, expected {ADDR[dst]}"
 
 with subtest("(functional): web services respond"):
-    for name, port in [("devenv", 8080), ("maven", 8080), ("git", 3000)]:
+    for name, port in NGINX_BACKENDS.items():
+        if name in enterable:
             server.succeed(net_cmd(name, f"{CURL} -sf --max-time 5 -o /dev/null http://{ADDR[name]}:{port}/ >&2"))
 
-with subtest("(functional): mail accepts connections"):
-    smtp_probe = net_cmd("mail", f"{SH} -c 'exec 3<>/dev/tcp/{ADDR['mail']}/25 && head -1 <&3'")
-    server.wait_until_succeeds(f"{smtp_probe} | grep -q '^220'", timeout=60)
-
-    imap_probe = net_cmd(
-        "mail",
-        f"{TIMEOUT} 3 {OPENSSL} s_client -connect {ADDR['mail']}:993 -quiet -verify_quiet 2>/dev/null",
-    )
-
-    def imap_ready(_):
-        greeting = server.execute(f"echo | {imap_probe} | head -1")[1]
-        return greeting.strip().startswith("* OK")
-
-    retry(imap_ready, timeout_seconds=60)
-
 with subtest("(functional): nginx proxies to backend containers"):
+    if "nginx" in enterable:
+        for domain, backend in NGINX_DOMAINS.items():
+            if backend in included:
                 server.succeed(
                     net_cmd(
                         "nginx",
-            f"{CURL} -sfk --max-time 5 --resolve git.floweytf.com:443:{ADDR['nginx']} "
-            "https://git.floweytf.com/ >&2",
+                        f"{CURL} -sfk --max-time 5 --resolve {domain}:443:{ADDR['nginx']} "
+                        f"https://{domain}/ >&2",
                     )
                 )
 
 with subtest("(functional): sshpiper authenticates/routes properly"):
+    if "sshpiper" in included:
         whoami = server.succeed(f"{SSH} {SSH_OPTS} -p 2222 {SSHPIPER_TEST_USER}@{ADDR['sshpiper']} whoami").strip()
         assert whoami == "runner", f"expected to land as runner, got {whoami}"
         hostname = server.succeed(
@@ -187,89 +194,136 @@ with subtest("(isolation): every declared container edge connects"):
             server.succeed(ct_connect(src, ADDR[to], port))
 
 with subtest("(isolation): undeclared container edges are refused"):
-    for src, dst, port in [
-        ("devenv", "git", 3000),
-        ("git", "devenv", 8080),
-        ("maven", "git", 3000),
-        ("nginx", "mail", 25),
-        ("ssh-botm", "ssh-admin", 22),
-        ("overseer", "git", 3000),
-    ]:
-        assert (src, dst) not in PEER_EDGES, f"{src} -> {dst} is a declared edge, not a negative case"
-        server.fail(ct_connect(src, ADDR[dst], port, timeout=2))
+    tested = 0
+    for src in enterable:
+        for dst in enterable:
+            if src == dst or (src, dst) in PEER_EDGES:
+                continue
+            ports = EXPOSED_TCP.get(dst, [])
+            if not ports:
+                continue
+            server.fail(ct_connect(src, ADDR[dst], ports[0], timeout=2))
+            tested += 1
+    assert tested > 0, "no negative edge cases to test"
 
 with subtest("(isolation): edges are one-way"):
-    assert ("nginx", "git") in PEER_EDGES
-    assert ("git", "nginx") not in PEER_EDGES
-    server.succeed(ct_connect("nginx", ADDR["git"], 3000))
-    server.fail(ct_connect("git", ADDR["nginx"], 443, timeout=2))
+    tested = 0
+    for src, dst, tcp_ports, _ in EDGES:
+        if dst in ("@host", "@internet") or src not in enterable or dst not in enterable:
+            continue
+        if (dst, src) in PEER_EDGES or not tcp_ports:
+            continue
+        server.succeed(ct_connect(src, ADDR[dst], tcp_ports[0]))
+        tested += 1
+        rev_ports = EXPOSED_TCP.get(src, [])
+        if rev_ports:
+            server.fail(ct_connect(dst, ADDR[src], rev_ports[0], timeout=2))
+    assert tested > 0, "no one-way edge cases to test"
 
 with subtest("(isolation): host access allowlist"):
-    server.succeed(ct_connect("overseer", HOST_ADDR["overseer"], HOST_EXPORTER_PORT))
-    for port in (HOST_EXPORTER_PORT, HOST_CADVISOR_PORT):
-        server.fail(ct_connect("git", HOST_ADDR["git"], port, timeout=2))
-        server.fail(ct_connect("git", HOST_ADDR["overseer"], port, timeout=2))
+    for name, ports in HOST_ACCESS_TCP.items():
+        if name in enterable:
+            for port in ports:
+                server.succeed(ct_connect(name, HOST_ADDR[name], port))
+    no_access = [c for c in enterable if c not in HOST_ACCESS_TCP]
+    if no_access and ALL_HOST_ACCESS_PORTS:
+        ct = no_access[0]
+        for port in ALL_HOST_ACCESS_PORTS:
+            server.fail(ct_connect(ct, HOST_ADDR[ct], port, timeout=2))
+            # reaching the port through a different container's host addr is also blocked
+            for other in HOST_ACCESS_TCP:
+                if other in included:
+                    server.fail(ct_connect(ct, HOST_ADDR[other], port, timeout=2))
 
 with subtest("(isolation): host services outside the access list"):
     internet.succeed(connect(server_ip, HOST_SSHD_PORT))
-    for name in ("git", "overseer"):
+    for name in enterable:
+        if HOST_SSHD_PORT not in HOST_ACCESS_TCP.get(name, []):
             server.fail(ct_connect(name, HOST_ADDR[name], HOST_SSHD_PORT, timeout=2))
             server.fail(ct_connect(name, server_ip, HOST_SSHD_PORT, timeout=2))
 
 with subtest("(isolation): source address spoofing is dropped"):
+    src = enterable[0]
+    other = enterable[1]
+
     before = spoof_counter()
-    server.succeed(net_cmd("git", f"{PING} -c 1 -W 2 {HOST_ADDR['git']} >&2"))
+    server.succeed(net_cmd(src, f"{PING} -c 1 -W 2 {HOST_ADDR[src]} >&2"))
     assert spoof_counter() == before, "an unspoofed packet hit the source guard"
 
-    iface = IFACE["git"]
-    server.succeed(net_cmd("git", f"{IP} addr add {ADDR['nginx']}/32 dev {iface}"))
+    iface = IFACE[src]
+    server.succeed(net_cmd(src, f"{IP} addr add {ADDR[other]}/32 dev {iface}"))
     try:
         server.execute(
-            net_cmd("git", f"{PING} -c 2 -W 2 -I {ADDR['nginx']} {HOST_ADDR['git']}")
+            net_cmd(src, f"{PING} -c 2 -W 2 -I {ADDR[other]} {HOST_ADDR[src]}")
         )
         assert spoof_counter() > before, "a forged source address was not dropped"
     finally:
-        server.succeed(net_cmd("git", f"{IP} addr del {ADDR['nginx']}/32 dev {iface}"))
+        server.succeed(net_cmd(src, f"{IP} addr del {ADDR[other]}/32 dev {iface}"))
 
 with subtest("(isolation): renaming the interface changes nothing"):
-    iface, host_addr = IFACE["nginx"], HOST_ADDR["nginx"]
+    # find a container with a declared peer edge
+    rename_src = rename_dst = rename_port = None
+    for src, dst, tcp_ports, _ in EDGES:
+        if dst in ("@host", "@internet") or src not in enterable or dst not in included:
+            continue
+        if tcp_ports:
+            rename_src, rename_dst, rename_port = src, dst, tcp_ports[0]
+            break
+
+    assert rename_src is not None and rename_dst is not None and rename_port is not None, \
+        "no peer edge to test interface rename"
+
+    iface, host_addr = IFACE[rename_src], HOST_ADDR[rename_src]
 
     def rename(frm, to):
-        server.succeed(net_cmd("nginx", f"{IP} link set dev {frm} down"))
-        server.succeed(net_cmd("nginx", f"{IP} link set dev {frm} name {to}"))
-        server.succeed(net_cmd("nginx", f"{IP} link set dev {to} up"))
+        server.succeed(net_cmd(rename_src, f"{IP} link set dev {frm} down"))
+        server.succeed(net_cmd(rename_src, f"{IP} link set dev {frm} name {to}"))
+        server.succeed(net_cmd(rename_src, f"{IP} link set dev {to} up"))
         for route in (host_addr, f"10.0.0.0/8 via {host_addr}", f"default via {host_addr}"):
-            server.succeed(net_cmd("nginx", f"{IP} route replace {route} dev {to}"))
+            server.succeed(net_cmd(rename_src, f"{IP} route replace {route} dev {to}"))
 
     rename(iface, "evil0")
     try:
-        server.succeed(ct_connect("nginx", ADDR["git"], 3000))
-        server.fail(ct_connect("nginx", ADDR["mail"], 25, timeout=2))
+        server.succeed(ct_connect(rename_src, ADDR[rename_dst], rename_port))
     finally:
         rename("evil0", iface)
 
 with subtest("(isolation): the veth cannot be moved out of the namespace"):
-    server.fail(net_cmd("git", f"{IP} link set dev {IFACE['git']} netns 1"))
+    ct = enterable[0]
+    server.fail(net_cmd(ct, f"{IP} link set dev {IFACE[ct]} netns 1"))
 
 with subtest("(isolation): route bypass"):
-    iface = IFACE["hopper"]
+    bypass_ct = next((c for c in enterable if c in no_gateway), None)
+    if bypass_ct is None:
+        bypass_ct = next((c for c in enterable if c not in allow_internet), None)
+    assert bypass_ct is not None, "no container without internet to test route bypass"
+
+    iface = IFACE[bypass_ct]
     server.succeed(
-        net_cmd("hopper", f"{IP} route replace default via {HOST_ADDR['hopper']} dev {iface} onlink")
+        net_cmd(bypass_ct, f"{IP} route replace default via {HOST_ADDR[bypass_ct]} dev {iface} onlink")
     )
-    server.fail(net_cmd("hopper", f"{CURL} -sf --max-time 5 http://{internet_ip}/ >&2"))
-    server.fail(ct_connect("hopper", ADDR["git"], 3000, timeout=2))
+    server.fail(net_cmd(bypass_ct, f"{CURL} -sf --max-time 5 http://{internet_ip}/ >&2"))
+    unreachable = next(
+        (c for c in included if c != bypass_ct and (bypass_ct, c) not in PEER_EDGES and EXPOSED_TCP.get(c, [])),
+        None,
+    )
+    if unreachable:
+        server.fail(ct_connect(bypass_ct, ADDR[unreachable], EXPOSED_TCP[unreachable][0], timeout=2))
 
 with subtest("(isolation): no IPv6 link-local addresses"):
-    for name in ["git", "overseer"]:
+    for name in enterable:
         assert not has_ipv6_link_local(name), f"{name} still has an IPv6 link-local address"
 
 with subtest("(isolation): published ports grant no reach between containers"):
-    for port in (80, 443, 25565, 22, 25):
-        server.fail(ct_connect("overseer", HOST_ADDR["overseer"], port, timeout=2))
-        server.fail(ct_connect("git", server_ip, port, timeout=2))
+    if FWD_HOST_PORTS:
+        ct = next((c for c in enterable if c not in HOST_ACCESS_TCP), enterable[0])
+        for port in FWD_HOST_PORTS:
+            server.fail(ct_connect(ct, HOST_ADDR[ct], port, timeout=2))
+        server.fail(ct_connect(ct, server_ip, next(iter(FWD_HOST_PORTS)), timeout=2))
 
 with subtest("(isolation): privilege escalation / container escape"):
-    leader = container_pid("git")
+    ct = enterable[0]
+    leader = container_pid(ct)
 
     host_uid = server.succeed(f"awk '/^Uid:/{{print $2}}' /proc/{leader}/status").strip()
     assert host_uid != "0", "container's PID 1 is not idmapped away from host uid 0"
@@ -278,28 +332,16 @@ with subtest("(isolation): privilege escalation / container escape"):
     container_pidns = server.succeed(f"readlink /proc/{leader}/ns/pid").strip()
     assert host_pidns != container_pidns, "container shares the host's PID namespace"
 
-    server.succeed(
-        f"{NSENTER} --mount=/proc/{leader}/ns/mnt --root=/proc/{leader}/root -- "
-        f"{SH} -c 'echo x >> /var/lib/gitea/canary' >&2"
-    )
-
-    sshpiper_pid = container_pid("sshpiper")
-    server.fail(
-        f"{NSENTER} --mount=/proc/{sshpiper_pid}/ns/mnt --root=/proc/{sshpiper_pid}/root -- "
-        f"{SH} -c 'echo x >> /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key' >&2"
-    )
-    server.fail(
-        f"{NSENTER} --mount=/proc/{leader}/ns/mnt --root=/proc/{leader}/root -- "
-        f"{SH} -c 'touch /nix/store/canary' >&2"
-    )
+    server.fail(ct_cmd(ct, "touch /nix/store/canary"))
     server.fail(
         f"{NSENTER} --mount=/proc/{leader}/ns/mnt --root=/proc/{leader}/root -- "
         "/run/current-system/sw/bin/test -d /persist >&2"
     )
 
 with subtest("(functional): external clients reach published ports"):
-    for port in (80, 25565, 22):
-        internet.succeed(ext_connect(port))
+    for hp, _, _ in FORWARD_TCP:
+        internet.succeed(ext_connect(hp))
+    # a non-published port should be unreachable
     internet.fail(ext_connect(8080))
 
 with subtest("(functional): no failing-reason restarts"):
@@ -308,18 +350,61 @@ with subtest("(functional): no failing-reason restarts"):
         assert (
             failed_units(f"-M {name}") == []
         ), f"{name} has failed units: {failed_units(f'-M {name}')}"
-        restarts = server.succeed(f"systemctl show container@{name}.service -p NRestarts --value").strip()
-        assert restarts == "0", f"container@{name}.service restarted {restarts} times"
+        unit = "container" if KIND[name] == "nspawn" else "microvm"
+        restarts = server.succeed(f"systemctl show {unit}@{name}.service -p NRestarts --value").strip()
+        assert restarts == "0", f"{unit}@{name}.service restarted {restarts} times"
 
 with subtest("(functional): port forwards survive an nftables reload"):
+    if FORWARD_TCP:
+        hp, ct_name, _ = FORWARD_TCP[0]
         server.succeed("systemctl reload nftables.service")
         elements = server.succeed("nft list map ip container-portforward tcp-fwd")
-    assert re.search(r"\b80\s*:", elements), f"nftables reload emptied the map: {elements!r}"
-    internet.wait_until_succeeds(ext_connect(80), timeout=30)
+        assert re.search(rf"\b{hp}\s*:", elements), f"nftables reload emptied the map: {elements!r}"
+        internet.wait_until_succeeds(ext_connect(hp), timeout=30)
 
 with subtest("(functional): published ports follow the container's lifetime"):
-    server.succeed("systemctl stop container@nginx")
-    internet.fail(ext_connect(80))
-    server.succeed("systemctl start container@nginx")
-    server.wait_for_unit("container@nginx.service")
-    internet.wait_until_succeeds(ext_connect(80), timeout=30)
+    if FORWARD_TCP:
+        hp, ct_name, _ = FORWARD_TCP[0]
+        unit = "container" if KIND[ct_name] == "nspawn" else "microvm"
+        server.succeed(f"systemctl stop {unit}@{ct_name}")
+        internet.fail(ext_connect(hp))
+        server.succeed(f"systemctl start {unit}@{ct_name}")
+        server.wait_for_unit(f"{unit}@{ct_name}.service")
+        internet.wait_until_succeeds(ext_connect(hp), timeout=30)
+
+with subtest("(functional): declared devices are usable in-container"):
+    for name, devices in DEVICES.items():
+        for dev in devices:
+            # opened, not stat'd: without DeviceAllow= the node is still visible
+            server.succeed(ct_cmd(name, f"exec 3<> {dev}"))
+
+
+with subtest("(functional): /dev/kvm actually initializes, not just opens"):
+    # a wrong-gid or unmapped node still opens but fails the ioctls qemu
+    # needs, so boot with no disk (never completes) and kill it - the
+    # failure mode this catches is qemu refusing to start at all.
+    for name, devices in DEVICES.items():
+        if "/dev/kvm" not in devices:
+            continue
+        out = server.succeed(
+            ct_cmd(
+                name,
+                f"{TIMEOUT} 3 qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -m 256 -nographic -no-reboot "
+                ">/tmp/qemu.out 2>&1; cat /tmp/qemu.out",
+            )
+        )
+        assert "Permission denied" not in out, f"{name}: qemu couldn't use /dev/kvm:\n{out}"
+        assert "Could not access KVM" not in out, f"{name}: qemu couldn't use /dev/kvm:\n{out}"
+
+
+with subtest("(isolation): devices reach only the container that declared them"):
+    for name in enterable:
+        for dev in {d for ds in DEVICES.values() for d in ds} - set(DEVICES.get(name, [])):
+            server.fail(ct_cmd(name, f"test -e {dev}"))
+
+
+with subtest("(isolation): identity uid mapping keeps the user namespace"):
+    for name in (n for n, ds in DEVICES.items() if ds):
+        host_ns = server.succeed("readlink /proc/1/ns/user").strip()
+        ct_ns = server.succeed(f"readlink /proc/{container_pid(name)}/ns/user").strip()
+        assert host_ns != ct_ns, f"{name} shares the host user namespace"