{
  name,
  hostInfo,
  dsl,
  ...
}:
let
  inherit (dsl) mkContainer mkVm;
  inherit (hostInfo.paths) data secrets;

  pubSshPort = 23;
  intSshPort = 23 + 8000;

  ciRunnerData = "${data}/web/git-ci-runner";
  ciRunnerSecrets = "${secrets}/ci-runner";
in
{
  ${name} = mkContainer {
    inherit name;
    net.access = [ { to = "@internet"; } ];
    net.forward.tcp = [
      {
        host = pubSshPort;
        container = intSshPort;
      }
    ];
    svc.autoStart = true;
    resources.fs."/var/lib/gitea" = {
      hostPath = "${data}/web/git";
      isReadOnly = false;
    };
    containerConfig = _: {
      services.gitea = {
        enable = true;
        stateDir = "/var/lib/gitea";
        settings = {
          server = {
            HTTP_ADDR = "0.0.0.0";
            HTTP_PORT = 3000;
            DOMAIN = "git.floweytf.com";
            ROOT_URL = "https://git.floweytf.com/";
            START_SSH_SERVER = true;
            BUILTIN_SSH_SERVER_USER = "git";
            SSH_PORT = pubSshPort;
            SSH_LISTEN_PORT = intSshPort;
          };
          service.DISABLE_REGISTRATION = true;
        };
      };
      users.users.gitea.uid = 1000;
      users.groups.gitea.gid = 1000;
      time.timeZone = "UTC";
      systemd.services.gitea.serviceConfig.FailureAction = "exit-force";
    };
    net.expose.tcp = [ 3000 ];
    miscProperties.nginx = {
      domain = "git.floweytf.com";
      port = 3000;
    };
  };

  ci-runner =
    mkVm {
      name = "ci-runner";
      includedInTests = false;
      net.access = [
        {
          to = "git";
          tcp = [ 3000 ];
        }
        { to = "@internet"; }
      ];
      svc.autoStart = true;
      resources.cpu = 4;
      resources.mem = "32G";
      resources.fs = [
        {
          proto = "virtiofs";
          tag = "nix-rw-store";
          source = "${ciRunnerData}/nix-rw-store";
          mountPoint = "/nix/.rw-store";
        }
        {
          proto = "virtiofs";
          tag = "nix-db";
          source = "${ciRunnerData}/nix-db";
          mountPoint = "/nix/var/nix/db";
        }
        {
          proto = "virtiofs";
          tag = "docker-data";
          source = "${ciRunnerData}/docker";
          mountPoint = "/var/lib/docker";
        }
        {
          proto = "virtiofs";
          tag = "runner-state";
          source = "${ciRunnerData}/runner-state";
          mountPoint = "/var/lib/private/gitea-runner";
        }
        {
          proto = "virtiofs";
          tag = "runner-token";
          source = ciRunnerSecrets;
          mountPoint = "/run/ci-runner-secrets";
          readOnly = true;
        }
        {
          proto = "virtiofs";
          tag = "tmp";
          source = "/tmp";
          mountPoint = "/tmp";
        }
      ];
      guestConfig =
        {
          pkgs,
          utils,
          lib,
          ...
        }:
        let
          runnerInstanceName = "ci-runner";

          ciJobContents = with pkgs; [
            bashInteractive
            coreutils
            gitMinimal
            nixVersions.latest
            nodejs
            cacert
            (writeTextDir "etc/nix/nix.conf" "experimental-features = nix-command flakes\n")
          ];

          ciJobImage = pkgs.dockerTools.buildLayeredImage {
            name = "ci-job-image";
            tag = "latest";
            contents = ciJobContents;
            config = {
              Cmd = [ "/bin/sh" ];
              Env = [
                "PATH=${lib.makeBinPath ciJobContents}"
                "SSL_CERT_FILE=${pkgs.cacert}/etc/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt"
                "NIX_SSL_CERT_FILE=${pkgs.cacert}/etc/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt"
                "NIX_REMOTE=daemon"
              ];
            };
          };
        in
        {
          boot.kernelModules = [ "kvm-intel" ];
          boot.extraModprobeConfig = "options kvm_intel nested=1";

          # volume-mounted into CI containers; must be in VM's store so
          # image symlinks (/bin/node etc.) resolve through the mount
          system.extraDependencies = ciJobContents;

          microvm.writableStoreOverlay = "/nix/.rw-store";

          nix.settings = {
            experimental-features = [
              "nix-command"
              "flakes"
            ];
            max-jobs = "auto";
            substituters = [ "https://microvm.cachix.org" ];
            trusted-public-keys = [ "microvm.cachix.org-1:oXnBc6hRE3eX5rSYdRyMYXnfzcCxC7yKPTbZXALsqys=" ];
          };

          nix.settings = {
            min-free = 5 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
            max-free = 10 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
          };
          # nix.optimise.automatic = true; - doesn't work with microvm.writableStoreOverlay

          services.openssh = {
            enable = true;
            settings = {
              PermitRootLogin = "yes";
              PermitEmptyPasswords = "yes";
            };
          };
          security.pam.services.sshd.allowNullPassword = true;
          users.users.root.initialHashedPassword = "";
          services.journald.settings.Journal.ForwardToConsole = "yes";

          virtualisation.containerd.enable = true;
          virtualisation.containerd.settings.plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs".mount_options =
            [ "userxattr" ];

          virtualisation.docker.enable = true;
          virtualisation.docker.extraOptions = "--containerd /run/containerd/containerd.sock";
          virtualisation.docker.daemon.settings.exec-opts = [ "native.cgroupdriver=cgroupfs" ];
          systemd.services.docker.wants = [ "containerd.service" ];
          systemd.services.docker.after = [ "containerd.service" ];

          systemd.services.load-ci-job-image = {
            description = "Load the CI job Docker image";
            wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
            after = [ "docker.service" ];
            requires = [ "docker.service" ];
            before = [ "gitea-runner-${utils.escapeSystemdPath runnerInstanceName}.service" ];
            serviceConfig = {
              Type = "oneshot";
              RemainAfterExit = true;
              ExecStart = "${lib.getExe' pkgs.docker "docker"} load -i ${ciJobImage}";
            };
          };

          services.gitea-actions-runner.instances.${runnerInstanceName} = {
            enable = true;
            name = runnerInstanceName;
            url = "http://git:3000/";
            tokenFile = "/run/ci-runner-secrets/token";
            labels = [
              "nix:docker://ci-job-image:latest"
            ];
            settings.container = {
              options = "--device=/dev/kvm --volume=/nix/store:/nix/store:ro --volume=/nix/var/nix/daemon-socket:/nix/var/nix/daemon-socket";
              valid_volumes = [
                "/nix/store"
                "/nix/var/nix/daemon-socket"
              ];
            };
          };
        };
    }
    // {
      hostConfig = {
        systemd.tmpfiles.rules = [
          "d ${ciRunnerData}/nix-rw-store 0755 server server -"
          "d ${ciRunnerData}/nix-db 0755 server server -"
          "d ${ciRunnerData}/docker 0755 server server -"
          "d ${ciRunnerData}/runner-state 0755 server server -"
        ];
      };
    };
}